This is NGC 7049 in the constellation of Indus, in the southern sky. The lacy web is a series of dust lanes, backlit by the millions of stars in the halo. Photograph: Hubble Space Telescope/NASA/ESA

Notice any difference? Second image has been put through my program to improve clarity and content. Has it, or not?

Do Galaxies Merge?

Do galaxies merge? The question goes to the very heart of how the Universe works

Is this vast structure of Andromeda the product of merger? Is a galaxy attracted to another by gravity and then configure from that kayos into this sedentary system?

The short answer is NO! 

NO requires justification that is altogether irrefutable - which is a rare thing. The site below sets out basic evidence that this galaxy, and most others, may never merge. We do not consider reasoning's and authentication that justify merger of galaxies or the process itself.

The proof we need is in common sense application and can be found in connections between the mass of a galaxy and it's centre!

https://simonkneen.wixsite.com/do-galaxies-merge

Outflow and the origin of galaxies.

Outflow from the centre as the origin of galaxies.

The movement of stars is vital to understand in galaxy evolution. Merger suggests stars are orbiting in circles around the galaxy. However, stars may be moving in spirals and yet seem circular if that process was gradual. Orbits are so vast and stars trajectory comparatively slow that spiralling may be hard to detect.

'Rather than moving in circles around the center of the Milky Way, all the stars in our Galaxy are travelling along different paths, moving away from the Galactic center.' This has been evidenced by Arnaud Siebert and Benoit Famaey, astronomers at the Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, and by their colleagues in other countries.

Outward spiralling is likely to originate or start close to the Galaxy Centre, the location of a Super Massive Black Hole and nothing should escape those.

And yet these galaxy cores behave strangely. Instead of matter being gobbled up by immense gravity, most seems to move away in whats called 'outflow'. Large amounts of matter may spread out across the galaxy in a process like growth. This will help to describe the formation of galaxy features and the influence of the central object on the grand design by the movement of matter in galaxies. Outflow is a fundamentally different process to merger.

simonkneen.wixsite.com/galaxy

Filaments in Galaxy Clusters.

Black Holes may generate filaments around high energy core.

The central galaxy, in massive clusters, generates double helix filaments that may relate to smaller satellite galaxies. These filaments often connect one galaxy to another. Processes around the centre are vital to understand in galaxy evolution. Here is a SMBH of true immensity. Gravitational sheer must be huge. Outflow is massive. Powerful shock waves blast out of the centre.

How do filaments survive in this high energy enviroment? What is the central object's pivotal role? These are the important questions. The answer may be found in powerful processes at the centre. Filaments may be generated by BHs in galaxy cluster centre as the only objects which could exist in those conditions (if filaments are connected to anything). Suggests these filaments may be created by intense spiralling gravity. It may be possible for BHs to form gravitational bonds through space as has been predicted.

Filaments around galaxy cluster core.

Outflow and the movement of matter in galaxies.

Movement of matter in galaxy.

The movement of stars in galaxies appears to be circular, as merger predicts, while the patterns in features of galaxies may describe spiralling. Orbits are so vast and stars trajectory relatively slow that gradual spiralling may appear circular.
The movement of matter makes patterns in galaxies that show a general and gradual outward spiral (like the speed of stars that uniformly slow across the galaxy). Outward spiralling may indicate why the central object is so influential as that movement may originate near the galaxy centre. That's the location of a Super Massive Black Hole and nothing should escape those.
And yet, these galaxy cores behave strangely. Instead of matter being gobbled up by immense gravity, some seems to move away in what's called  'outflow'. Large amounts of matter may spread out across the galaxy in a process that escapes the middle. Hot new blue stars have been found in a disc around Andromeda's centre as outflow, in some cases, may generate a star forming region.

Rather than moving in circles around the center of the Milky Way, all the stars in our Galaxy are travelling along different paths, moving away from the Galactic center. This has just been evidenced by Arnaud Siebert and Benoit Famaey, astronomers at the Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, and by their colleagues in other countries. Credit: Gal Matijevic, Ljubljana University

simonkneen.wixsite.com/galaxy

Patterns of evolution.

Patterns of evolution in galaxy type structures relate to a similar morphology in a repeating basic design from globular clusters to dwarf galaxies and to massive galaxies. Patterns like symmetrical and circular in shape, increasing density of stars towards the middle, young stars forming in the centre and they may all have a dominating central object. This may associate with the same fundamental process relating to patterns of the movement of matter in these structures and not merger.


Globular cluster, dwarf galaxy and massive galaxy with same basic morphology.

simonkneen.wixsite.com/galaxy

Galaxies and Black Holes.

Black Hole and White Hole connected through space time by gravity.

The question is not "Can a prediction about Black Holes being connected to a partner star coined a White hole as a physical 'bond', that matter may travel through, actually exist" No, the question is "Do galaxies show signs of a matter increase from the centre and outward spiralling" Merger suggests stars are rotating for ever around the galaxy. Outward spiralling suggests replenishing of matter at the centre which needs a process to achieve that. The vital question of star orbit in the galaxy is one that can be answered simply by patterns of matter movement and that is what I'm good at. simonkneen.wixsite.com/galaxy


Increase in mass at galaxy centre may help forge link between mass of SMBH and galaxy.